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Roman Numerals

Convert numbers to Roman numerals and back.

Input

Output

How to Use

Enter a number (1–3,999,999) in the input field and select your conversion direction. The tool uses standard Roman numeral rules: subtractive notation (IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, CM = 900), with support for extended numerals using the vinculum (overline) for values beyond 3,999.
The converter processes your input instantly, displaying the result with proper formatting. For example, 2024 converts to MMXXIV, and MCMXCIX converts back to 1999. Large numbers like 50,000 display with overline notation (L̄).
Copy the result or switch direction to verify your conversion. Use it for reading historical dates, chapter/section numbering, clock faces, movie copyright years, or Olympic Games notation — anywhere Roman numerals appear in the wild.

What's the largest number this converter supports?: The tool handles numbers up to 3,999,999 using extended notation with the vinculum (overline). The overline multiplies a numeral by 1,000 — so V̄ equals 5,000, X̄ equals 10,000, and M̄ equals 1,000,000. This covers virtually all practical use cases including historical dates and large-scale numbering.
What are the basic Roman numeral rules?: Roman numerals use seven letters: I(1), V(5), X(10), L(50), C(100), D(500), M(1000). Numbers are read left to right, adding values — except when a smaller symbol precedes a larger one (subtractive notation: IV=4, IX=9, XL=40, XC=90, CD=400, CM=900). No more than three identical symbols appear consecutively.
Where are Roman numerals still used today?: You'll find them in book chapter numbers, movie/TV copyright years, clock and watch faces, monarch/pope names (Elizabeth II), Olympiad numbering, building cornerstones, legal document outlines, and Super Bowl designations. This converter helps you quickly translate them.